Neuromodulation is the electrical or chemical modulation of the central nervous system to significantly reduce chronic pain and/or improve neurologic function. Neuromodulation is a relatively new discipline of medicine encompassing several specialties including neurosurgery, anesthesiology, orthopedics, neurology and neurophysiology. Neuromodulation includes implantable therapies for the treatment of chronic pain and other disorders of the central nervous system. These therapies include implantable drug pumps that deliver small doses of drugs directly to nerve fibers and spinal cord stimulators that deliver small doses of electricity directly to nerve fibers. This direct approach to targeting neurological problems at their source can be very effective in modulating or lessening pain symptoms. Until recently, treatments for chronic pain and other central nervous system disorders have been limited to systemic drugs or surgery - treatments with often undesirable or irreversible effects.